Below are some steps which are used for Docker production:-
The code that you write is committed to a bitbucket server after that BitBucket webhook notifies it to Jenkins who starts building the Docker Image.
The other usual stuff such as Build, Test, run functional test cases etc are done by Jenkins pipeline.
You need to build, deploy the Docker image with Docker Maven plugin.
After all the test cases being passed, the image is pushed to docker hub
Jenkins Pipeline then invokes deployment job which basically pulls the docker-compose file from BitBucket and runs the docker stack deploy on the manager node.
If you want to get into the field of cloud computing then I would suggest you must take up the following Docker training Course. For your reference, I am also mentioning a Docker video tutorial which you must watch to learn all the core concepts of Docker.