I am searching for information on algorithms to process text sentences or to follow a structure when creating sentences that are valid in a normal human language such as English. I would like to know if there are projects working in this field that I can go learn from or start using.
For example, if I gave a program a noun, provided it with a thesaurus (for related words) and part-of-speech (so it understood where each word belonged in a sentence) - could it create a random, valid sentence?
I'm sure there are many sub-sections of this kind of research so any leads into this would be great.