In AWS, ELB stands for Elastic Load Balancing that automatically divides the incoming traffic to multiple targets such as Amazon EC2 instances, containers, IP addresses, and Lambda functions. ELB can handle the changing load of application traffic among multiple availability zones so that users get served fast.
In short, ELB helps the IT team to achieve fault tolerance for any application by providing features like scalability, performance and security.
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You can watch this video to have an overview of ELB in AWS: