In Hadoop, the gateway node is a node that connects to the Hadoop cluster, but does not run any of the daemons. The main objective of an edge node is to provide an access point to the cluster and prevent users from a direct connection to critical components of the cluster such as Namenode or Datanode. Also, another reason for a gateway node is the data distribution across the cluster.
If you want to learn Hadoop, I recommend this Hadoop Training program by Intellipaat.
Also, check out this YouTube tutorial on Hadoop:
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