After going through the documentation
https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres/
It explains that any .sql in /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d will be executed after build.
For this, you just need to make small changes in Dockerfile.db
FROM postgres
ADD ./devops/db/dummy_dump.sql /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
This will work for your query.
For more information please go through the following tutorial to get more info about docker: