Every Docker container has a writable layer, in which very little data is written, but if in a scenario you are required to write by a workload then arrives the concept of docker storage drivers.
Since docker has a pluggable architecture, Docker supports a variety of different storage drivers, and some are overlay2, aufs, devicemapper, vfs, btrfs and zfs, etc.
The overlay2 is the preferred storage driver for all currently supported Linux distributions that require no extra configurations.
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In this regard, I would suggest you take a look at our YouTube video on Docker training.