Tableau has a function RANK_UNIQUE which you can use for this query
As a first step, uncheck the aggregate measures within the Analysis Menu.
Then, starting from this sample data:
You can get the following result:
Additionally, if you want to hide Rank from rows -- not-showing header.
Is this something close to what you're looking for?
EDIT/UPDATE
In order to get all values and not just for the top rows, just move the Rank at the very beginning of the shelf:
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