You can use any supervised algorithms for classification problem as following:
- Logistic regression
- K-Nearest Neighbors
- Random forest
- Naïve’s Bayes
- Support Vector Machines
Also, you can use deep learning algorithms like MLP (Multi-layer perceptron), Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) for image processing for disease prediction.
You can check out this Machine Learning Online Course program by Intellipaat to learn supervised and unsupervised algorithms in ML.
Also, watch this video on ML algorithms: