SAP Interview Questions and Answers

To excel in SAP interviews, focus on understanding the ERP system thoroughly instead of just memorising answers. Preparing for an interview is a crucial step in defining one’s career in the competitive job market of today, as SAP skills are highly valued in sectors such as manufacturing, banking, retail, and IT services. In this blog, we present 50+ SAP interview questions classified for freshers, intermediates, and experienced professionals, thoughtfully selected from the most reliable sources and actual interviews.

Table of Contents

• Overview
• Understanding the SAP Interview Process
• SAP Interview Questions for Freshers
• SAP Interview Questions for Intermediate Professionals
• SAP Interview Questions for Advanced Professionals
• Conclusion

Overview

Globally renowned SAP software corporation specialises in the development of enterprise software dedicated to managing business operations and customer relations. The company, which grew from a 5-man partnership into an ERP beast based in Walldorf, Germany, SAP, now has over 105,000 employees. The business was founded in 1972 by five individuals: Dietmar Hopp, Klaus Tschira, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, and Claus Wellenreuther. SAP earlier provided enterprise resource planning with SAP R/2 and R/3 and has now moved to SAP S/4HANA, which uses in-memory computing to help artificial intelligence and machine learning. As of this day, SAP offers more than 100 integrated cloud solutions and has more than 230 million cloud users.

Understanding the SAP Interview Process

SAP follows a well-organised and user-friendly hiring process, which involves the following steps:

1. Preparation

To optimise the application process, understand SAP’s purpose, values, and available positions, and draft an appropriate application.

2. Application

On SAP’s official careers page, submit your CV and cover letter, which should be aligned with the position.

3. Interviews & Assessments

This stage comprises multiple parts, including:

• Screening Calls or Video Calls with HR or Recruiters
• The candidate may be required to take various technical assessments designed to assess their skills.
• In-depth technical and behavioural interviews, and in some cases, presentations or case-study discussions, depending on the role.

4. Offer

Once the candidate is selected, the formal offer is awarded, and both parties initiate the onboarding steps.

SAP Interview Questions for Freshers

For newcomers to SAP, a basic overview of ERP systems, core modules, and fundamental architecture is often the starting point. These initial inquiries are designed to help the interviewer evaluate your understanding of SAP, its organisational structure, and its alignment with different business processes. Given below are the most frequently asked SAP interview questions for freshers, along with comprehensive answers for a clear understanding.

1. What is SAP?

SAP stands for Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing. It is a German multinational company that specialises in developing enterprise software to assist them in managing organisational functions and B2B customer relations.

Simply put, SAP provides a set of integrated applications that enable companies to manage functions like accounting, supply chain, human resources, manufacturing, and more, all within a single system. It is famous for its integration because of its ability to avoid duplicates and improve accuracy while providing real-time reporting across departments.

2. What is ERP?

Enterprise Resource Planning, or ERP for short, is a software solution made to integrate and manage a business’s main operations.

Consider ERP to be a company’s brain since it allows departments such as production, sales, procurement, finance, and human resources to communicate and share data instantly. ERP increases efficiency, guarantees consistency, and cuts down on delays. SAP is one of the world’s leading ERP providers.

3. Why is SAP used?

Since SAP offers integration, scalability, and real-time data access for all business SAP-used systems, companies of all sizes benefit from it. Instead of standalone software for each department, SAP provides integration, allowing data to flow from one part to another seamlessly.

Companies use SAP to:

• Eliminate redundant tasks.
• Ensure data accuracy.
• Enhance efficiency and make quicker data-driven decisions.
• Streamline operations in geographically dispersed offices.

Considering all the points listed above, SAP is of extraordinary value for global enterprises.

4. What are the various modules in SAP?

SAP is divided into functional and technical modules, each serving a specific business need. Some of the most common modules include:

• FI (Financial Accounting) – Manages financial transactions.
• CO (Controlling) – Oversees internal expenditure and budgets.
• MM (Materials Management) – Oversees acquisition and inventory.
• SD (Sales and Distribution) – Oversees business orders and delivery.
• Production planning (PP) – The process of organising and scheduling production-related tasks.
• HCM (Human Capital Management) – Manages HR operations.
• Basis – Technical foundation for SAP systems.

This modular approach allows companies to implement only the parts they need.

5. What are the various SAP products?

SAP has over 100 products available. Major categories include:

• ERP Systems: SAP S/4HANA, SAP Business ByDesign, SAP Business One
• Cloud Solutions: SAP SuccessFactors, SAP Ariba, SAP S/4HANA Cloud
• Business Technology Platform: SAP Business Technology Platform (BTP)
• Other Notable Products: SAP CRM, SAP PLM, SAP SCM, SAP Commerce Cloud, SAP Fieldglass

6. What are the different types of ERPs?

ERP systems can be classified into three main categories:

• On-Premise ERP

Installed and maintained on business servers, providing complete authority over the data and system. It is best suited for companies with particular security or compliance requirements, even though it necessitates a large upfront investment in hardware and IT resources.

• Cloud ERP

An ERP system that is hosted on the vendor’s servers and accessed online is known as a cloud ERP. Compelling features such as scalability, lower upfront costs, and automatic updates make cloud ERP perfect for businesses while reducing IT expenses. However, the security still depends on the vendor. protocols. SAP S/4HANA Cloud and Oracle NetSuite are two popular examples.

• Hybrid ERP

Hybrid ERP is a combination of on-premise and cloud solutions. This gives businesses the flexibility to maintain sensitive data on-premises while taking advantage of cloud functionality for other operations. A prime example of such a solution is SAP S/4HANA.

All three types, including the very popular cloud option SAP S/4HANA Cloud, are offered by SAP.

7. What is the T-code for displaying & deleting locked objects?

A transaction code, also known as a T-code, is a shortcut that enables users to rapidly access particular SAP system transactions or functions. 

In SAP, objects such as tables or programs may get locked while a user is working on them, and in cases where sessions end abruptly, these locks may not be released. This might be a problem for users who want to work with the same objects.

To solve this anomaly, SAP has two essential transaction codes:

• SM12 – Used for displaying and deleting the locked objects. With the object or user name, you can check what’s locked and, if necessary, unlock the entries so they can be used.

8. What is SAP Basis?

SAP Basis is the technological backbone of SAP applications. These include the administrative tasks such as the installation of the SAP systems, the administration of the databases, the updating, and the monitoring of the performance and system security. SAP Basis acts as a glue that binds the operating system, database, and SAP applications. It adds value by ensuring seamless integration as well.

9. Is there a limit to how many SAP sessions you may work on at once?

Yes, indeed. The SAP GUI permits six sessions per client login by default. Using the parameters in the system settings, the Basis team can raise or lower it.

10. What is SAP S/4HANA?

SAP S/4HANA is SAP’s latest ERP suite, built on the HANA in-memory database. It is an upgrade from older SAP ERP versions because older versions were not as fast or powerful, and real-time analytics and streamlined processes were not the focus. Businesses are migrating to S/4HANA because it leverages flawlessly configured data sets without latency and is flexible with modern tech such as AI and machine learning technologies.

11. What is the difference between SAP ECC and SAP S/4HANA?

SAP ECC (ERP Central Component) and SAP S/4HANA are both ERP solutions from SAP, but they belong to different generations of technology.

• SAP ECC is the older, traditional ERP system that runs on any database (like Oracle, IBM DB2, or SAP’s database). Since data structures were heavily reliant on older, more complex input forms, SAP ECC is inclined to slower processes.
• With the launch of SAP S/4HANA, SAP introduced a new ERP system focused on optimising and phasing out older structures entirely. SAP S/4HANA is designed to run exclusively on SAP HANA in-memory databases. This upgrade allows for faster performance with the inclusion of real-time analytics, advanced streamlined data models, and a modern interface. Changes include the SAP Fiori GUI and the availability of on-premise as well as cloud systems.

Here’s a simple comparison:

12. What is a transport request in SAP?

In SAP, a transport request works as a package for modifications done in the system, such as new programs, configuration adjustments, or system enhancements, so they can be relocated from one environment to another (for example, from the development to the testing or production phase).

Modifications in SAP are automatically tied to a transport request. This way, all the changes that need to be done together are properly bundled, preventing files from being left behind.

Typically, a transport request includes:

• Modifying configurations (such as customising settings)
• Tools for development or program code (made in ABAP)
• Objects from the data dictionary (tables, views, etc.)

These requests are handled by SAP’s Transport Management System (TMS), which ensures that modifications are transferred securely without interfering with the operational system.

13. What is SAP NetWeaver?

SAP NetWeaver can be regarded as a middleware that integrates all the SAP systems. It also integrates SAP with other non-SAP systems and serves as the runtime for the non-SAP systems. Consider it the middleware and plumbing of the SAP world: it offers the tools, runtime, and services (such as web services, application servers, and integration) necessary for dependable communication between various applications and data sources.

Practically, NetWeaver offers both the ABAP and the Java stacks, has integration (on-prem, cloud apps, and third-party software), and contains components for workflow, portal services, and system management. Imagine a company that has both Salesforce and SAP ERP; NetWeaver components will ensure that data is shared, so both systems are up-to-date.

14. What is a client in SAP?

An SAP client is a self-sustaining, top-level unit of an SAP system with unique data sets, records, and user authorisations. Picture an SAP server that can host several mini-businesses, and each one is a client. A client is identified by a three-digit number (100, 200) and is used to distinguish and separate predefined environments, such as development, production, and testing, or entirely different businesses that reside in the same system. Since every client keeps its own configuration and transactional data, changes made to one client have no impact on another.

15. In SAP terminology, what exactly is a transaction?

An SAP transaction defines a complete object or workflow that alters the state of the system.

• Typical operations are creating a financial journal, entering a sales order, or recording a goods receipt.
• Users invoke transactions through so-called T-codes.

For instance:

• VA01 creates a sales order.
• MIRO posts a vendor invoice.

16. Can we operate a company warehouse without using SAP R/3?

That’s true, yet it has limitations.

• A site might run a warehouse manually using Excel and printouts or employ a standalone WMS (Warehouse Management System).
• Without SAP R/3 or the WM/EWM modules, close integration with financial, procurement, and sales processes is absent, and inefficiency begins to develop.

For instance, if stock is issued manually, the finance team remains unaware of the immediate inventory drop and the ledgers drift, forcing costly reconciliations.

17. What are the three steps involved in data mining?

Steps involved in data mining:

• Data Preparation: Acquire, clean, and arrange the unfiltered data.
• Data Analysis: Execute techniques like clustering and regression.
• Knowledge Discovery: Convert the facts into usable findings, such as predictive models or risk profiles.

For example, a retailer examining transaction logs may learn that “customers buying diapers usually also purchase wipes,” guiding targeted campaigns.

18. Describe the R/3 system’s many tiers.

SAP R/3 implements a three-layer architecture:

• Presentation Layer – The SAP GUI serves as the client.
• Application Layer – Transaction logic is processed here through ABAP programs and modules.
• Database Layer – Core data is managed by Oracle, SQL Server, or HANA.

Benefit: Scalability and performance optimisation are guaranteed by a multi-tier configuration.

19. Describe the procedure for creating a table in the data dictionary.

Steps to creating a table in the data dictionary:

• Click ‘Create’ to assign the table name.
• Specify fields, including data elements and domains.
• Set technical parameters, indicating ‘Data Class’ and ‘Size Category’.
• Specify ‘Primary Key’ and, as required, ‘Foreign Key’ relationships.
• Save and check consistency; activate the definition.

The system creates the underlying database table automatically.

Use Case: We can design a Z-table to hold customised employee records.

20. What are the typical phases of the SAP payment run?

Phases of the SAP Payment Run:

• Invoice Selection: The system picks up outstanding vendor and customer invoices.
• Proposal Run: The system simulates the proposal, verifying entries for correctness.
• Payment Run: Actual payments are posted in the system.
• Print/Transfer: The process produces payment cheques, advice notes, or bank files.

In summary, SAP Payment Run automates accounts payable and receivable settlements.

21. What exactly is a posting key?

A two-digit key determines the posting behaviour of a line item.

Key features:

• Debit or Credit indicator;
• Account category: customer, vendor, or general ledger;
• Field status requirements for mandatory data.

Examples:

01: Customer Invoice as Debit;

11: Customer Credit Memo posted as Credit;

31: Vendor Invoice issued as Credit.

22. Explain the distinction between OLAP and data mining.

OLAP VS Data Mining

23. What are Master Data and Transaction Data in SAP?

Master data includes the stable, reusable information for the entities with which the business interacts, such as the customers, vendors, products, and the chart of accounts. It also includes information related to several transactions and changes infrequently. The fundamental characteristics of a product (description, unit of measure, purchasing group), for instance, are contained in a material master record and are referred to by numerous processes.

Transaction data documents the business activities conducted within the firm on a day-to-day basis, such as sales, purchasing activities, receipts, invoicing, and payment processing. Transaction records also need master data to be referenced (for example, sales orders need customer master and material master) and record the “what, when, and who” of business activities.

24. What is the difference between a Table and a Structure in SAP?

In SAP, a table is a data structure storing information within the SAP database. In SAP, a table is created when there is a need to store information. The table is defined in the ABAP Data Dictionary (DDIC). For instance, customer master records and sales order tables.

In contrast, a structure is a temporary data field holder as defined within the data dictionary, which does not permanently store data. Programs usually use structures to pass grouped data, specify a screen layout, or receive query result rows before processing them further.

To put it simply, a structure is a tray you use to hold documents temporarily while you work, and a table is a filing cabinet where documents are kept. Structures are used in code to work with data in memory and tables when you need to save the data.

25. What is an Organizational Structure in SAP?

In SAP, the organisational structure acts as the hierarchical map the system uses to mirror how the enterprise is set up, both for processing and for reporting purposes. It prescribes the various organisational slices the software must recognise, such as Client → Company Code → Plant → Storage Location from the dual logistics/finance angle, or Company Code → Sales Organisation → Distribution Channel → Division from the sales angle.

Each level has a defined function: a Company Code is the unit responsible for legal and financial reporting; Plant can refer to either a production site or a service location; Storage Location designates the exact physical point for stock. Accurate configuration is important because base data and almost all transaction flows, whether for procurement, production, sales, or accounting, depend on those units. 

26. What is the difference between OLTP and OLAP in SAP?

OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) systems keep the engine of daily operations running. Think of swift, dependable handling of high-volume short transactions like entering a sales order, invoicing, or logging a goods receipt. As OLTP systems, SAP ERP systems place a high value on data integrity and speedy reads and writes for routine business tasks.

OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) systems target retrospective analysis. They consolidate past stats, enabling bulk calculations that drive queries, BI reports, and spot sales patterns or regional profitability over months. SAP’s BW (Business Warehouse) or the analytical capabilities embedded in HANA represent standard OLAP frameworks in SAP landscapes.

SAP Interview Questions for Intermediate Professionals

As SAP professionals improve their subject-matter expertise, interviewers anticipate that candidates will move beyond textbook definitions to actionable know-how. At this advanced level, the focus shifts to system performance, tuning, complex troubleshooting, cross-system integration, and the nuances of large-scale implementations. Below are typical scenarios and queries that experienced candidates may encounter during the interview process.

27. What is the difference between a BAPI and a BADI in SAP?

BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface): A standard SAP mechanism that enables external applications to engage with SAP modules. BAPI facilitates transactions like entering a sales order or retrieving material info. Since it’s pre-defined, BAPIs resist heavy user-centric customisation. BAPIs are primarily used for integration purposes.

BADI (Business Add-In): BADIs are SAP interfaces where programmers can insert custom logic without touching the conventional SAP code. They offer adaptability and guarantee that client-specific needs are satisfied without interfering with SAP’s regular operations.

To put it briefly, BADI is used to add custom business logic to SAP applications, whereas BAPI is used for system-to-system communication.

BADI VS BAPI:

28. What is the difference between Change Request and Transport Request in SAP?

A Change Request is generated when an SAP modification occurs, be it the creation of a program, an object, or a configuration tweak. It bundles all related objects within a single, trackable container.

A Transport Request carries the physical set of objects across systems, facilitating stepwise promotion from Development to Quality and finally to Production.

Think of it like this:

• Change Request – The package of changes you make.
• Transport Request – The delivery truck that carries those changes to another SAP system.

IDoc (Intermediate Document) is the SAP standard data structure for exchanging business data across system boundaries, ensuring fluid information flow, particularly between SAP and non-SAP environments. It standardises the interface format, lowering the coupling between the systems and simplifying data interchange in scenarios such as vendor integration or partner collaboration.

For example, when we enter a sales order in SAP, an IDoc automatically triggers and ships the data to our external logistics partner so they can get the order moving. IDocs can either enter SAP (inbound) or leave SAP (outbound). Their job is to keep the whole operation automated, aligned, and in step, no matter which system is involved.

30. Explain the concept of SAP Workflow.

SAP Workflow is our behind-the-scenes task manager. By specifying how tasks should be transferred from one person to another, SAP Workflow is an automation tool that helps businesses streamline operations. 

Say someone submits a purchase requisition. What follows is that the workflow takes the document, forwards it to the responsible manager for approval, forwards it again to the purchasing department to create the order, and we’re done. 

Benefits:

• Minimises the need for manual intervention.
• Guarantees adherence to approval guidelines.
• Increases productivity by automating monotonous tasks.

31. What is the difference between a Custom Report and a Standard Report in SAP?

Standard Report: SAP gives us a library of ready-to-run reports, like the Sales Order List or Material Stock Report. They handle everyday business requirements and need no development. 

Custom Report: If we have a question SAP hasn’t heard yet, our developers build a report in ABAP or the report tools. 

Picture yourself with a standard report listing open purchase orders. Now imagine the same report, tweaked to filter open purchase orders by vendor site and by approval status. If the SAP standard won’t do it, a custom report will.

32. What are Smart Forms in SAP ABAP?

Smart Forms is an ABAP tool that lets developers create and print forms like invoices, labels, or cheques without lengthy code. By combining layout management and logic within a single environment, it lets them drag and drop fields, tables, and graphics. Once finished, Smart Forms generates printing function modules by itself, replacing SAPscript and minimising or eliminating the need for handwritten output logic.

33. Explain SAP Collections Insight (SAP CI) in HANA.

SAP Collections Insight, built on SAP HANA, simplifies the handling of outstanding payments. It applies real-time data and adaptive algorithms to rank customer follow-ups, streamline cash collection processes, and keep the finance staff focused on accounts that are most at risk. It encourages more focused and effective collections by providing actionable insights in a real-time setting. 

34. What does OSP$ in SAP mean?

In SAP with Oracle databases, OSP$ refers to an external user at the operating system level. It lets SAP connect to the Oracle database without needing to type or store the database password, making the login process easier and more secure. This helps SAP work processes authenticate smoothly in the background.

35. What is Supplementation Language in SAP Basis?

Supplementation language is a compact scripting layer integrated into SAP Basis that customises system behaviour without touching the source code. It’s commonly applied to system KPIs, monitoring logic, and technical operational tweaks, thereby safeguarding core logic while allowing operators to tailor system performance and oversight in a modular way.

36. What is SAP BW vs BW/4HANA?

BW is SAP’s long-established data warehousing platform, fine-tuned for reporting and analytics. BW/4HANA replaces it with an architecture that runs entirely on the HANA database, accelerating data flows, offering a more intuitive modelling environment, and consolidating system components into a manageable, real-time pipeline. All this means easier upkeep and a sharper focus on quick analytics. 　　

BW VS BW/4HANA

37. What are Business KPIs in SAP Basis?

When SAP Basis speaks of business KPIs, it means technical metrics tied to business value, such as system uptime, query response times, and error ratios. These indicators link technical efficiency directly to business relevance, allowing administrators to measure the system’s overall health not just in technical terms but in terms of business impact. 　

38. How does NetWeaver support web access to SAP data?

SAP NetWeaver leverages standard HTTP and web services to serve SAP applications securely across web and mobile channels. By doing so, it cuts integration complexity and lessens the training burden of SAP GUI, letting users query and transact directly through familiar browsers and handheld devices.

39. How does SAP’s simplified data model help businesses?

SAP’s latest platforms, like S/4HANA and BW/4HANA, give a fresh look to data architecture by trimming redundant and consolidated tables. Fewer tables lead to speedier reporting, reduced memory demand, and data accuracy. The end result is a system finely suited for real-time data processing and instant operational clarity.

40. List some types of ERPs besides SAP.

Baan, JD Edwards, Siebel, PeopleSoft, and Microsoft Dynamics are additional ERP options in addition to SAP. Being aware of these options demonstrates your understanding of competitive ecosystems and the larger ERP market context. 

41. Explain simply what ALE, IDOC, EDI, and RFC are.

Here’s a summary of data exchange and integration technologies used in SAP:

• ALE (Application Link Enabling): A framework that distributes and synchronises data across SAP systems. For instance, when a customer master record updates, ALE replicates that change to all concerned systems.
• IDOC (Intermediate Document): The standard SAP container for electronic data. Think of an IDOC as an electronic envelope that carries all the relevant business information to the target system.
• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange): An industry-recognised standard for document exchange, like sending invoices or purchase orders between trading partners. SAP packages EDI messages as IDOCs for processing.
• RFC (Remote Function Call): A protocol that invokes a function module in a remote SAP system or external systems as if it were a local call.

Comparison Table:

42. What is the definition of a transactional RFC?

A Transactional RFC (tRFC) improves the standard RFC by ensuring that a remote function is executed exactly once, even in the face of network or system interruptions.

Unlike a regular RFC, a tRFC request is queued until the system is ready to process it, thus preventing duplicate or missing updates. This feature keeps data consistent across distributed systems.

Example: A sales order is submitted to a partner SAP system. If the network fails, the tRFC request gets queued. The order is executed the next time the system connects, ensuring that it is recorded exactly once.

43. Explain what LUW (Logical Unit of Work) is.

A Logical Unit of Work (LUW) defines an atomic block of database actions that must all succeed together so that the database remains consistently valid. If any individual action within the LUW fails, all preceding steps of that LUW are cancelled, and the original state is restored. In the SAP context, LUW equates to the boundaries of the database transaction.

Example:

• When a sales order is created, SAP carries out two actions (insert sales order header, insert line items).
• The LUW completes only if both actions succeed; any failure drops all changes, and the order is unchanged.

44. Mention the acronym for BDC. How many BDC strategies exist?

BDC stands for Batch Data Communication, a technique for moving data from an external non-SAP system into a SAP landscape.

BDC offers three operational choices:

• Session Method: Data is processed in batches after being stored in sessions.
• Call Transaction Method: Quicker method but less reliable because it processes data instantly.
• Direct Input Method: For large data loads, the Direct Input Method writes straight into database tables, avoiding screens.

45. Clarify your definition of one-time vendors.

A one-time vendor is an entry used for suppliers the company intends to transact with on a single occasion. Instead of filling a complete vendor master with codes and details, the buyer enters the vendor’s name, street, and bank data directly on the purchase order. 

For instance, the purchasing department of a company orders a small product/service from a new supplier. Rather than activating the entire vendor lifecycle, the company simply enters the name and bank details into the screen, and the system creates a one-time entry used only to clear that single invoice.

46. Explain the distinction between the “Residual payment” and “Partial payment” strategies in Accounts Receivable.

47. Tell us about the several types of databases: Internal, Check, Value, and Transparent.

• Internal Table: An ABAP program’s temporary table that is kept in RAM rather than a database.
• Check Table: Ensures data integrity by defining foreign key relationships.
• Value Table: This default table helps in input validation and is recommended during domain creation.
• Transparent Table: Physically stored in databases and has a one-to-one relationship with SAP tables.

Example:

• Transparent Table → MARA (Material Master entity).
  • Check Table → T001 (controls company code coverage).

48. What are SAP R/3’s Application, Interface, and Database Servers?

• Application Server: Manages business logic (workflows, ABAP programs).
• Database Server: Central store for all permanent and transactional information.
• Interface Server: Provides a structured gateway that orchestrates external communication (EDI, remote function calls, and other integrations).

Together, these servers enable SAP R/3’s 3-tier architecture (Presentation – Application – Database).

SAP Interview Questions for Advanced Professionals

At an advanced stage, SAP interviews extend past foundational ERP concepts to assess system performance, architectural fine-tuning, and full-scale implementation. Interviewers look for candidates who demonstrate mastery of SAP internals and also know how to use features like HANA code push-down, OLAP-based integrations, performance tuning, and data modelling. 

49. What does SAP code pushdown mean?

SAP Code Pushdown means moving heavy data-processing tasks away from the ABAP application server right into the HANA database to speed things up.

• Traditional ABAP flow: Fetch data from the DB, process it on the application server, then return the results.
• Pushdown: Run the logic inside HANA itself by using SQL Script, Core Data Services (CDS) views, or ABAP Managed Database Procedures (AMDP).

Benefits: Minimising data transfer, allowing real-time processing, and fully taking advantage of HANA’s in-memory capabilities.

50. How do we make an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) link in CMC?

This link allows BO tools (like WebI and Analysis for Office) to fetch real-time multidimensional data from SAP BW/4HANA or HANA.

In SAP BusinessObjects (CMC – Central Management Console):

• Navigate to the Connections section and select OLAP Connections.
• Select the connection type (e.g., BW/4HANA, BEx Query).
• Put in the system credentials and the connection parameters.
• Finally, test the OLAP link and save it.

This link lets BusinessObjects tools like Web Intelligence and Analysis for Office retrieve real-time multidimensional data from SAP BW/4HANA or HANA.

51. Explain what Bex is.

Business Explorer, also known as BEx, is a tool that provides SAP BW reporting and analysis features.

Its main components are:

• BEx Query Designer, which builds queries on InfoCubes or Data Store Objects;
• BEx Analyzer, the Excel-based analysis add-on;
• BEx Web Analyzer, used for web-based reporting.

Basically, BEx enables users to create, save, and run analytical queries using SAP BW data.

52. Mention the significance of ODS in BIW.

ODS, or Operational Data Store, also referred to as Data Store Object (DSO) in BW, stores consolidated, detailed transaction data.

• It holds data at the document level, unlike InfoCubes, which store summarised information.
• An ODS also allows the data to be overwritten, unlike the append-only model for InfoCubes.
• Serves as a staging area for reporting and data cleaning.

53. Mention what AWB is.

AWB translates to Administrator Workbench in an SAP BW context. 

This console serves as the nucleus for all BW operations: data modelling, ETL tasks, system monitoring, and overall administrative tasks. 

InfoObjects, InfoCubes, DSOs, and Process Chains are routinely managed here, centralising day-to-day data governance in one interface.

54. Explain the difference between domain and data element.

In SAP’s ABAP Dictionary, domains and data elements operate together to clarify what a database field should look like and what it means within the enterprise context. Both objects are tightly coupled, yet each has a distinctive role:

• The Domain sets the low-level, technical characteristics, i.e., it defines the data type, the width of the field, and the valid values permitted.
• A Data Element refers to a domain and specifies the field’s semantic meaning, including field labels and descriptions.

55. What are the distinctions between Set and Get parameters?

SPA and GPA are twin parameters that keep data journeys efficient. 

We can store a value in memory with ‘Set Parameter’ and fetch that same value wherever needed through ‘Get Parameter’. 

For instance, type a company code in one screen, and the following screen can proactively load it through a simple ‘Get Parameter’, minimising redundant input.

56. What exactly is an Information Model?

An Information Model in SAP HANA defines the logical representation of data for reporting.

Types:

• Attribute Views: Master data.
• Analytic Views: Fact data with joins.
• Calculation Views: Advanced modelling (replacement for the above two in HANA 2.0).

An SAP HANA Information Model articulates the logical framework for reported data. 

The types are categorised as follows: 

• Attribute Views: Master data.
• Analytic Views: Fact data with joins.
• Calculation Views: Advanced modelling, which HANA 2.0 replaces the previous two.

57. What benefits can SQL Script provide?

For data-intensive logic that is executed within the database, SAP HANA utilizes SQL scripts.

Benefits: 

• Pushdown results in high performance.
• Utilise again in AMDPs and Calculation Views.
• Improved management of intricate aggregations and joins.
  

58. What exactly are .sca files?

SCA stands for SAP Component Archive

• SCA is like a .zip file with deployable Java-based SAP components.
• Deployed as part of the SAP NetWeaver Application Server software package.

Conclusion

A strong conceptual understanding and practical experience are essential for success in an SAP interview. Master topics that range from ERP fundamentals to the nitty-gritty of SAP HANA innovations. Remember, a well-assembled list of targeted questions can set you apart.  

If you’re looking for a thorough overview of SAP modules and the career opportunities they provide, the detailed blog on SAP modules by Intellipaat is a good read.