A waterfall chart in Power BI is a powerful visualization tool that shows how a starting value changes step by step through increases and decreases until it reaches a final value. This type of chart helps you visualize the cumulative effect of each change one at a time, much like stacking blocks on top of each other, making it easy to see the impact of each increase or decrease in order. It is especially useful for analyzing changes in metrics such as sales, profit, or expenses over time or across categories. In this blog, you will learn the definition of Waterfall charts, when to use them, their key benefits, and a simple step-by-step process for creating a waterfall chart in Power BI.
Table of Contents:
What is a Waterfall Chart in Power BI?
The waterfall chart in Power BI is used to depict the increase or decrease in values over time or across different categories, as well as by year. In a Power BI Waterfall Chart, the y-axis represents the data values (or changes), and the x-axis typically represents time or categories. This chart is used to illustrate the way an initial amount gets impacted (positively or negatively) by a series of sequential changes. It is particularly useful when looking at how things change over time, as it enables a reader to see how the sequence of each positive or negative step made an impact on the outcome.
This chart uses columns to show either an increase or a decrease in value.
Characteristics of a Waterfall Chart:
- The first and last columns suggest a total start and total end.
- Intermediate columns suggest positive (increases) and negative (decreases).
- Columns are connected by a floating line for a stepwise effect.
Components of a Waterfall Chart in Power BI
A waterfall chart in Power BI includes several important components that work together to show how values accumulate:
- Starting Point (Initial Value): The first bar represents the base value or total you are breaking down.
- Increases (Positive Values): Shown as bars moving upward, indicating gains.
- Decreases (Negative Values): Represented by downward bars, showing losses.
- Floating Bars: These visually connect changes to show a step-by-step transition, aiding in better data visualization.
- Total Bar (End Value): The final bar summarizes the net result after all increases and decreases.
- Category Axis (X-Axis): Typically includes time (like months) or categories (like products).
- Y-Axis: Displays the value of each increase/decrease or change.
Understanding these components helps in accurately building and interpreting a DAX waterfall chart or any financial waterfall chart in Power BI.
When to Use a Waterfall Chart in Power BI?
- Tracking the total impact of a series of data points: It tracks different changes and adds them together over time, such as a financial report demonstrating how revenues and expenses affect net profit.
- Indicating the contribution of sub-categories: Understanding the total revenue of a business as it relates to the contributions of departments or products.
- Breaking down financial data and budgets: When you do your financial reports, you will use a financial waterfall chart in Power BI, and you may break down distortions of profits and losses from “initial value” to “end value”.
- Showing changes over time: Whether it is a month, quarter, or year, waterfall charts display the value of data in consecutive steps over time.
Typical scenarios include:
- Profit and loss review
- Sales performance in a month or quarter
- Budget vs. actual value
- Changes in inventory and supply chain
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Benefits of Using Waterfall Charts in Power BI Reports
- Easy to Understand: Power BI Waterfall Chart allows viewers to see how a value changes step-by-step, so that even a non-technical user can follow along.
- Shows Key Changes Clearly: Waterfall charts clearly show which changes resulted in an increase or a decrease, so that you can quickly understand what caused the change.
- Great for Financial Data: Waterfall charts effectively communicate broken-down profit, expense, and other financial values.
- Helps in making Better Decisions: Waterfall charts highlight where values go up or down, which can guide a manager’s attention to what is working or what needs to improve.
- Visualizes the Whole Picture: Waterfall charts allow users to see the starting point, intermediate changes, and the final result.
How to Create a Waterfall Chart in Power BI [Step-by-Step]
Let us consider the following dataset as a Power BI waterfall chart example, which will be used to create a Power BI Waterfall Chart.
Month |
Sales |
January |
5000 |
February |
6000 |
March |
7500 |
April |
6800 |
May |
8000 |
June |
9500 |
Step 1: Prepare Your Data
You can import this data into Power BI. In this case, we’ll have two columns:
- Month: Time period (January, February, March, etc.)
- Sales: The sales value for that month.
If you’re using Power BI Desktop:
- Open Power BI Desktop.
- Click on Get Data > Enter Data.
- Copy and paste the data into the table, or manually enter the values in the table input dialog.
This is what the Sales table looks like when it is loaded into Power BI.
Step 2: Add a Month Index
Since Power BI doesn’t inherently understand month order from text like “January”, “February”, etc., we need to manually define their order by using DAX in Power BI waterfall charts:
Go to the Modeling tab → New column, and enter the DAX formula:
MonthNumber =
SWITCH(
TRUE(),
[Month] = "January", 1,
[Month] = "February", 2,
[Month] = "March", 3,
[Month] = "April", 4,
[Month] = "May", 5,
[Month] = "June", 6
)
Step 3: Calculate Sales Change
Now, create another column to compute the change in sales compared to the previous month:
Go to the Modeling tab → New column, and enter the DAX formula:
Sales Change =
[Sales] -
CALCULATE(
MAX([Sales]),
FILTER(
'TableName', // Replace with your actual table name
'TableName'[MonthNumber] = EARLIER('TableName'[MonthNumber]) - 1
)
)
Note: Replace ‘TableName’ with the actual name of your table (e.g., SalesData)
After adding these two new columns, your table will have two new columns:
As you can see, MonthNumber and Sales Change are two new columns.
Step 4: Insert the Waterfall Chart
Once your data is ready:
- In the Visualizations pane, select the Waterfall Chart icon (it looks like a bar chart with columns stepping up and down).
- The chart will appear on the canvas.
Step 5: Assign Data to the Waterfall Chart
Now, you’ll need to assign data fields to the appropriate areas in the Fields pane:
- Category: Drag the Month field here, and ensure it is sorted by the MonthNumber column to maintain chronological order
- Y-Axis/Values: Drag the Sales Change here. This will show the values for each month.
Result:
Explanation: Here, your waterfall diagram will:
- Start from the first available month.
- Show the change from one month to the next.
- Display drops (e.g., in April) and rises clearly.
- End with the cumulative net value.
Customizing Waterfall Charts: Colors, Labels, and Sorting
Customizing a Power BI Waterfall Chart enhances its clarity and makes insights more accessible for users.
- Colors: You can change the color of the increase, decrease, and total bars. Use contrasting colors (e.g., green for increase, red for decrease) to highlight changes. This helps make your Power BI Waterfall Chart example more readable.
- Labels: Turn on data labels to display actual values on each bar. Labels can be formatted by font, size, and position, providing additional context.
- Sorting: Sorting is key to chronological clarity. Use a Month Index column and apply sorting based on that to ensure logical sequence, especially when using DAX in Power BI waterfall charts.
These customizations are vital when you create a waterfall chart in Power BI to make the report more effective and user-friendly.
Waterfall vs Bar chart in Power BI
Feature |
Power BI Waterfall Chart |
Bar Chart in Power BI |
Purpose |
Shows step-by-step cumulative changes |
Solid bars from the baseline |
Best For |
Tracking how individual changes affect totals |
Comparing individual values side by side |
Data Focus |
Sequential increases/decreases in a single metric |
Standalone values for multiple metrics |
Financial Use |
Ideal for profit/loss breakdowns |
Useful for sales or performance metrics |
Visualization Style |
Stepped columns with floating bars |
Usually shows a change in value |
Y-axis |
Usually shows change in value |
Usually shows total values |
X-axis |
Ordered categories or time series |
Categories or groups |
Example Use Case |
Financial waterfall chart in Power BI |
Comparing monthly revenue across regions |
Waterfall Chart vs Column Chart in Power BI
Feature |
Power BI Waterfall Chart |
Column Chart in Power BI |
Primary Goal |
Visualize cumulative effect of changes |
Show total values in vertical format |
Visual Impact |
Highlights rise/fall over a timeline or category |
Emphasizes height of individual columns |
Use Case |
Profit margin fluctuation over time |
Monthly sales comparison |
Data Requirement |
Needs sequential or time-based data |
Can work with categorical or numerical data |
Calculation Focus |
Emphasizes delta/change |
Shows absolute totals |
Customization |
Allows for change-based formatting |
Simple formatting options |
Chart Type Use |
Best for financial reporting and data visualization |
Best for quick comparisons |
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Using Waterfall Charts in Power BI
- Incorrect Month Order: Always use a numeric index for months when sorting the months correctly.
- Using Total Sales, Not Change: Power BI Waterfall Chart, expect that you are translating change/delta values, not total absolutes.
- Not Replacing Table Names in DAX: If you use ‘TableName’ in your measure instead of the actual table name, errors will arise.
- Overcrowding of the Chart: Too much data makes the view unclear – stick to the key items.
- No Labels/Tooltips: If there are no tooltips or labels on the visual, there is no way for users to derive close precision insights.
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Best Practices for Creating Effective Power BI Waterfall Charts
- Add Tooltips: Show exact values when hovering over the bars to make the data clearer.
- Format Axes: Make axis labels easy to read and adjust the scale if required.
- Use a Cumulative Line: Native waterfall visuals do not support trend lines, but you can create a combo chart with a line and clustered column or use a custom visual from the marketplace.
- Highlight Key Values: Emphasize important increases, decreases, or totals by applying different colors or conditional formatting.
- Keep It Simple: Focus on the key metrics and avoid cluttering the chart with unnecessary details.
Conclusion
Waterfall charts in Power BI are essential for showing how values rise or fall across time or categories. They make it easy to track changes, like monthly sales shifts, and understand how each part contributes to the total. These charts are useful in financial, operational, and business reports, helping you see trends and impacts. With their clear, step-by-step layout and visual flow, Waterfall charts let you tell a simple, effective, and insightful story behind your data, making it easier to explain key changes.
To learn more about Power BI and its functions, check out this Power BI Course and also explore Power BI Interview Questions prepared by industry experts.
Check other blogs related to Power BI:
How to Create a Waterfall Chart in Power BI – FAQs
Q1. What is a waterfall chart in Power BI?
It’s a chart that shows step-by-step increases and decreases leading to a final value.
Q2. How do I create a waterfall chart in Power BI?
Select the waterfall chart visual, add a measure to the Y-axis, and categories or time data to the X-axis.
Q3. What is the difference between a waterfall chart and a waterfall diagram?
A waterfall chart shows numeric changes, while a waterfall diagram shows process or project steps.
Q4. Can a waterfall chart in Power BI be shown as a table?
Not directly, but you can use a matrix visual to mimic a waterfall table.
Q5. Why should I use a waterfall chart in Power BI?
It helps explain how different factors contribute to a final outcome, like profit or sales.
Q6. How does a waterfall chart compare to other charts in Power BI?
It highlights the path from start to finish, unlike bar or column charts that just show totals.
Q7. What are common mistakes when making a waterfall chart in Power BI?
Too many categories, unclear totals, ignoring negatives, or over-customizing.
Q8. Can a waterfall chart in Power BI be customized?
Yes, you can adjust colors, labels, axes, tooltips, and even use custom visuals.
Q9. How do I sort months correctly in a Waterfall Chart?
Create a numeric month order column and use “Sort by Column” to sort month names chronologically.
Q10. Why is my Waterfall Chart not showing the right totals?
Power BI’s default waterfall chart doesn’t support custom. The total bars use a custom visual or adjust your data model to fix totals.