In this Amazon RDS tutorial, we will be discussing the concepts of Amazon Relational Database Service. We will learn what is Amazon RDS and how to create an AWS RDS from scratch and connect it to your local MySQL shell.
The topics covered in this Amazon RDS tutorial are listed below:
Check out Intellipaat’s End-to-End Amazon RDS Tutorial video:
What Is Amazon RDS?
Amazon RDS is a service that provides database connectivity through the Internet. RDS makes it very simple and easy to set up a relational database in the cloud.
Instead of concentrating on database features, you can concentrate more on the application to provide high availability, security, and compatibility. RDS is a fully managed RDBMS service.
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Benefits of Amazon RDS
1. Reduced Administration Burden
- Using RDS, you can easily deploy the database from project conception to production.
- There is no need to install any database software and provide the infrastructure.
- AWS automatically installs the latest software patches to the RDS instance which you have launched.
2. Cost-effective
- You just pay for what you use, and nothing more. No upfront payment is needed, just the monthly usage payment.
3. Security
- Using AWS Key Management Service (KMS), you can create encryption keys for maintaining security and authorized access for your database.
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4. High Availability and Durability
- The automated recovery feature of RDS enables point-in-time recovery for your database instance.
- Multi-AZs provide high availability and durability across the globe.
5. Scalability
- It just takes a few minutes to scale your infrastructure up or down, and you can scale up to a maximum of 32 vCPUs and 244 GiB.
6. Free Tier
- AWS gives you a free tier usage of Amazon RDS for 750 hours/month for 12 months.
Now that we understand what is Amazon RDS and what are its benefits, let’s move on with this Amazon RDS tutorial and learn about various Database engines that RDS offers.
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AWS RDS Database Engines
There are six database engines which RDS provides, and they are:
- Amazon Aurora
- PostgreSQL
- MySQL
- MariaDB
- Oracle Database
- Microsoft SQL Server
Here’s a discussion on all database engines:
Amazon Aurora
Amazon Aurora is a MySQL and PostgreSQL compatible relational database which is built for the cloud for providing simplicity and cost-effectiveness of open-source databases with the availability and performance of traditional enterprise databases.
- 5 times faster than standard MySQL
- 3 times faster than standard PostgreSQL
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Pricing
Prices vary according to the region; if you have North Virginia as the region:
- Database Storage: $0.10/GB/month
- Backup Storage: $0.021/GB/month
AWS RDS PostgreSQL
You can deploy scalable and highly available PostgreSQL relational databases using RDS and connect them. It only takes minutes to deploy a PostgreSQL instance. RDS PostgreSQL provides the same functionalities as the traditional PostgreSQL, so you can just dump or upload your local database into the RDS.
Pricing
- Database Storage: $0.115/GB/month
- Backup Storage: $0.095/GB/month
AWS RDS MySQL
MySQL is the world’s most used and popular relational database, and Amazon RDS provides an easy way to set-up, operate, and scale. You can use the code which you are writing because RDS for MySQL covers all versions of MySQL.
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Pricing
- Database Storage: $0.115/GB/month
- Backup Storage: $0.095/GB/month
MariaDB is created by original creators of MySQL and it is very popular in creating PHP based applications. All versions of MariaDB is covered by Amazon EDS.
Pricing
- Database Storage: $0.115/GB/month
- Backup Storage: $0.095/GB/month
AWS RDS Oracle
Oracle’s relational database is called Oracle Database.
Pricing
- Database Storage: $0.115/GB/month
- Backup Storage: $0.095/GB/month
AWS RDS Microsoft SQL Server
Microsoft’s relational database is called the SQL Server. Multiple editions of SQL Server (2008 R2, 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2017), including Express, Web, Standard, and Enterprise, are merged with Amazon RDS, so whatever code your application is built with can be applicable in the RDS.
Pricing
- Database Storage: $0.115/GB/month
- Backup Storage: $0.095/GB/month
But for all database engines, ‘data in’ from the Internet is free, only ‘data out’ requires a payment.
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Hands-on: Creating a MySQL RDS Instance and Connecting It to Your MySQL Shell
Step 1: Login to AWS Management Console
Step 2: Click on RDS in the Services drop-down
Step 3: Click on Create database. Then, choose MySQL database engine and select the Only enable options eligible for RDS Free Usage Tier checkbox
Step 4: Don’t change any settings in the Specify DB details section. Just go down to the end and provide the DB instance identifier, Master username, which is given as intellipaat here, and Master password. Then, click on Next
Step 5: In the Configure Advanced Settings section, go down to Database options and provide Database name. If you do not provide a database name in this stage, you can create one after connecting with the local shell
After that, go down to Backup, select the Backup retention period as 0 days, and uncheck the Copy tags to snapshots box below
If you are just practicing and will delete the database after creation, then disable Deletion protection. Else, whenever you want to delete a database, you could just modify Deletion protection and delete it.
Step 6: Now, wait till the database is created and the status changes to Available. Click on the View DB instance details button
Step 7: Now as it is available, you are going to connect it with your local MySQL shell.
Before connecting it to the shell, click on your database, copy the endpoint of your database, and paste it in a notepad file.
In the below screenshot, Number 1 is the endpoint value and Number 2 is the port number. Both are required for connecting with the local shell.
Step 8: Open your MySQL shell, and paste the command with your username, endpoint, and port number. Once you hit Enter, your password will be needed. Provide it
After entering the password, you would be logged in.
Step 9: Now, check whether the database which you created while creating the instance exists. Start using it as a local MySQL database
You have successfully created and connected an RDS MySQL instance with the local shell!
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Conclusion
In conclusion, Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) is a fully-managed service provided by AWS that makes it easy to deploy, scale, and maintain relational databases in the cloud.
RDS supports multiple database engines such as MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server, and it handles routine database administration tasks such as backups, software patching, and hardware scaling.
This allows users to focus on their application and business logic, rather than the underlying infrastructure.