What is Software Testing?

Software testing is an integral part of software engineering where the purpose of the introduction of this concept was to validate the build of the proposed software and verify its working according to the software requirement specification(SRS).

SRS describes the specifications of the software, how it is expected to work, and its needs during development. This concept of software testing also ensures the quality of the software being developed. 

Let us turn our gaze to the points that we are going to discuss in this article.

Table of Contents:

• Software Testing Definition
• Importance of Software Testing
• Software Testing Life Cycle
• Principles of Software Testing
• Types of Software Testing
• Software Testing Techniques
• Tools Used in Software Testing
• Challenges in Testing
• Career Scope in Software Testing
• Conclusion

What is Software Testing: Definition

Software testing is a process of checking that a software program does what it is supposed to do. Software testing is mainly done to identify and eliminate bugs or errors, minimize development expenses, and enhance the performance of the product which makes it one of the essential steps of the software development lifecycle.

• Tom Kilburn first introduced the concept of software engineering in 1948 at the time of World War II when the first software was developed.
• Software is developed on the key principle of software engineering namely designing, developing, maintaining, testing, and evaluating.
• While working on this whole process a document is maintained, called the SRS document (Software Requirement Specification). Software is developed, validated, and verified based on this document.

Importance of Software Testing

The main reason for which software testing was introduced, is because it gives the quality assurance of the proposed software before the final result is published.

Why Software Testing is needed?

The points mentioned below, are the prominent reasons why software testing is needed:

1. It detects the weak architectural structure of the software beforehand.
2. It ensures that the to-be-published software is built following the proposed SRS document.
3. Software testing is a component of software engineering, a branch of computer science where software is created in an organized manner by software engineers.
4. Testing helps to check how efficient the software is, and how much optimization is needed to get the desired results.
5. It is also capable of detecting security voids present in the code of the proposed software.
6. It ensures the reliability and high performance of the delivered software.

Software Testing Life Cycle

STLC also known as Software Testing Life Cycle, refers to the different steps involved during the process of Software Testing. It makes sure that the software to be developed meets all the requirements of the stakeholders.

Different phases involved in the Software Testing Life Cycle are as follows:

Phase 1: Requirement Gathering

Here requirements of the to-be-developed software are discussed, namely the parameters like quality, needs of clients, and resource allocation.

Phase 2: Test Case Planning

In this step of STLC, all the test cases are planned and resources are allotted accordingly to the potential test cases.

Phase 3: Test Case Development Phase

Here, in this phase test cases are made based on the planning done in the previous phase and verified by the QA and QC team.

Phase 4: Testing Environment Set Up

The testing environment is set up in this phase of STLC but this step is independent of the other phases and can be started at any phase of STLC.

Phase 5: Test Execution

In this execution phase, all the prepared test cases are executed and results are noted.

Phase 6: Test Closure

It is the last step to be performed in STLC. Here all the gathered results are analyzed and documented.

Principles of Software Testing

1. Test cases and real-life potential scenarios are met during the testing and changes are proposed accordingly.
2. Possible edge test cases are considered which have the highest probability of error generation.
3. All test cases are pre-planned and well-documented before the test.
4. Testing is performed in small modules or component-wise instead of engaging the whole code at a time.
5. Testing is based on the Pareto rule also known as the 80/20 rule, in this rule, it is considered that 80% of the errors will be generated by 20% of the coded components.

Types of Software Testing

While learning about software testing, a basic definition is not enough we should have a deeper knowledge of the associated concepts and testing procedures.

Software should be developed in such a way that it covers all the real-life test cases and possible scenarios.

The following are the types of Software testing:

1. Manual Testing

• In manual testing, no external tools and programming scripts are needed.
• The developer tests the software from the user’s end manual by acting as a user.
• In this, any bugs and behavioural changes are noticed while considering all the real-life scenarios and test cases.
• It comprises unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and user acceptance testing.

Types of Manual Testing

1. Unit Testing: Unit testing refers to the testing of the smallest unit in software known as a unit. It also covers the interrelated units of the software
2. Integration Testing: In this type of testing a group of unit-tested components are taken together to build a basic program structure and produce the desired result.  It can be further classified into the top-down approach and bottom-up approach.
3. System Testing: Here, testers only consider the inputs and corresponding output, while neglecting the actual internal working of the test system.
4. User Acceptance Testing: Also known as UAT, the end users check the delivered software and give feedback accordingly on whether the delivered product meets all the requirements or not.

2. Automation Testing

• In automation testing, an external programmed script and software are needed for the testing.
• It is easy to perform, saves time, and can be done repetitively.
• It is more accurate as compared to manual testing as in manual testing human errors are probable.
• It consists of load testing, stress testing, security testing, and volume testing.

Types of Automation Testing

1. Load testing – In load testing the application is tested on the proposed load on which it is expected to behave appropriately in the real-world environment.
2. Stress testing – In this type of testing the developed software is loaded with extra to provide stress to the functionalities of the software and then it is tested for its efficiency in the real-world environment.
3. Security testing – Here the security level of the software is tested against malicious attacks and unauthorized access over the internet.
4. Volume testing – It is all about the volume of data to be handled by the to-be-developed software in the real world. It is tested for its reliability.

Software Testing Techniques

1. Black Box Testing

• In this type of approach, the testers don’t have any knowledge about the internal workings of the proposed software.
• They just interact with the developed software and document the tested results.
• Testers here act like end users and check for the behaviour of the application. Both functional and non-functional behaviours are tested.
• It is also known as closed-box testing.

2. White Box Testing

• Here the testers know the internal workings of the application which includes the actual code and structure of the application.
• In this type of testing, particular functions are tested namely data flow, control flow, path flow, conditional flow, etc.
• White box testing is also known as transparent testing.

3. Grey Box Testing

• This approach is a combination of both white-box as well as black-box testing.
• The main purpose of this type of testing is to cover the errors generated due to inappropriate usage.
• This type of testing is also known as translucent testing as it covers both types of testing and their application.

Tools Used in Software Testing

These are the tools in software testing, grouped by their purpose for better understanding:

1. Automation Testing Tools

1.1 Selenium – This is used for automating the web applications.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Selenium.

1.2 Katalon Studio – It is mainly used for testing, also an easy-to-use tool for web, API, and mobile testing.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Katalon Studio.

1.3 TestComplete – It automates the process of testing for desktop, web, and mobile testing.

Here is the official documentation link, to download TestComplete.

1.4 Cypress – It is more responsive, fast and reliable as compared to the other tools.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Cypress.

2. Bug Tracking Tools

2.1 Jira – This tool is mostly used for tracking bugs and managing Agile projects.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Jira.

2.2 Bugzilla – It is used for bug tracking. Also, It’s an open-source tool.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Bugzilla.

2.3 MantisBT – It is a simple tool used for issue and bug tracking.

Here is the official documentation link, to download MantisBT.

3. Performance Testing Tools

3.1 JMeter – It is used for testing the performance of web applications.

Here is the official documentation link, to download JMeter.

3.2 LoadRunner – It is used to test how systems behave under load.

Here is the official documentation link, to download LoadRunner.

3.3 Gatling – It is a performance testing tool for web applications.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Gatling.

4. Unit Testing Tools

4.1 JUnit – This tool is mainly used for testing Java code.

Here is the official documentation link, to download JUnit.

4.2 NUnit – This tool is mainly used for testing .NET applications.

Here is the official documentation link, to download NUnit.

4.3 TestNG – This tool is inspired by JUnit, with more features for advanced testing.

Here is the official documentation link, to download TestNG.

5. API Testing Tools

5.1 Postman – This is a Simple and popular tool for testing APIs.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Postman.

5.2 SoapUI – This is used for both REST and SOAP API testing.

Here is the official documentation link, to download SoapUI.

5.3 Rest Assured – This is a Java library for testing RESTful APIs.

Here is the official documentation link, to download Rest Assured.

Challenges in Testing

1. Incomplete or Changing Requirements: Frequent changes in the regular intervals, will lead to missing deadlines, and less efficiency.
2. Lack of Communication: Miscommunication, between the developers, testers, and stakeholders, which leads to missing bugs.
3. Time Constraints: Limited timelines force testers to skip deep testing or focus only on major test cases.
4. Test Environment Issues: Inconsistent or unstable environments can spoil the test results.
5. Automation Challenges: Choosing the right tools, maintaining the test scripts, and balancing manual and automated testing can be difficult.

Career Scope in Software Testing

If you want to make a career in Software testing, you need to know a clear roadmap.

Popular Roles in Software Testing:

1. Manual Tester
2. Automation Tester
3. Performance Tester
4. Security Tester
5. Test Lead / QA Lead
6. Test Manager
7. SDET (Software Development Engineer in Test)

Average Salary in India

Conclusion

Software Testing is a much-needed part of software engineering. Without Software Testing, desired results cannot be met. It can be time-consuming but it helps to save a lot of resources to be invested in the software. With the help of software testing, all the parameters of the desired software can be met.