What is an sObject type in Salesforce Apex?

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What are sObjects in Salesforce?

Apex is completely connected with the database, unlike other programming languages like Python or C++.

Therefore, in order to view the records or add new entries, we do not need to build any database connections. Salesforce-to-Salesforce integration is used to effortlessly share data with Salesforce records.

Instead, sObjects in Apex serve as a representation of a Salesforce record.

An sObject will be used to relate to an account record in Apex called Srinidhi Textiles, as in:

Account acc=new Account(Name=Vikram);

The sObject variable in Apex gets its data type from the API object name.

Here,

Account = sObject datatype
acc = sObject variable
new = Keyword to create new sObject Instance
Account()   = Constructor which creates an sObject instance
Name =‘Vikram’ = Initializes the value of the Name field in account sObject

Similar to this, in order to construct a contact record using Apex, we must first build an sObject for it, as seen below:

Contact con = new Contact();

Currently, there are two methods for assigning the contact sObject field values:

Through Constructor:

Contact con = new Contact(firstName = ‘Rohit’,lastName = ‘Singh’);

• Using dot notation:

Contact con = new Contact();
con.firstName = ‘Rohit’;
con.Lastname = ‘Singh’;
Similarly for Custom Objects:
Student__z st = new Student__z(Name = ‘Rishi’);

If we want to assign the field values for custom fields, then also we have to write down their field API name, like:

• For Standard Object:

Account acc = new Account(Name = ‘Vikram’, NumberOfLocations__z = 68);

• For Custom Object:

Student__z st = new Student__z(Name = ‘Rishi’, Email__c = ‘rishi @gmail.com’);

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sObject field access through Relationships

In Salesforce, we may define a relationship between objects. There are several types of relationships accessible in Salesforce. Read ahead this article to learn more about Salesforce partnerships.

Let’s get through the Relationships in the salesforce:

sObject records indicate associations to other records by having two fields: an ID and an address that leads to a representation of the connected sObject.

For example, the Contact sObject includes both an AccountId field of type ID and an Account field of type Account that refers to the corresponding sObject record.

The contact’s linked account may be changed using the ID field, and account data can be accessed using the sObject reference field. Only the results of a SOQL or SOSL query will cause the reference field to be filled in (see note below).

For instance, the following Apex code demonstrates how to link an account and a contact, as well as how to utilize the contact to change an account field:

Example:

Account x= Old Account (name = ‘acc868’);
Insert x; // inserting account record
Contact z= old Contact (LastName = ‘Adam’);
z.AccountId = x.Id; //associating contact with the account.
Insert z;

//By using the below query we can get the account name from the contact number.

z= [Select Account.Name from Contact where Id =: z.id];
System.debug(‘Acc name before update:’ + z.Account.Name); // debug log, We can also update account from contact.
z.Account.Name = ‘acc868892’;
update z.Account;
System.debug(‘updates acc name’ + z.Account.name); // debug log

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Types of sObject

Standard or customized objects known as sObjects are used to hold record information in the Force.com database. There is another sObject datatype in apex that is the technical version among these sObjects.

sObject and their fields are referred to by their API names by developers.

EXAMPLE: Account x= current Account();
                        Student__Z stu = current Student__Z();

“__z” is a custom field or object we developed. This “__z” allows us to distinguish between standard object/field and custom artifact.

The student in the following example is created with the starting values of Name, Age, and Email, and is then assigned to a variable of type Student__z, a sObject type.

 Example: Student­­__Z st = current Student__c( Name = ‘Ris’ age = ‘28’ email = ‘[email protected]’);

Although sObject variables are initially set to null, the new operator allows them to be given a genuine object reference.

EXAMPLE: Account x = new Account ( Name =’ bca1′ BillingCity = Banglore); OR         
                	 Account x= current Account ();
                	x.Name = bca1;
                	 a.BillingCity = Banglore;

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sObject field access

sObject fields may be accessed or modified using a straightforward dot notation.

 Example: Account acc = current Account ();
                 x.Name = Airline;   //Access the account name field and assign it “Airline”

The latest modified by or produced by system-generated fields cannot be changed. The apex runtime engine throws an error if we attempt.

Additionally, values for read-only fields for the context user and formula fields cannot be altered.

Also, check out the blog on Record types in Salesforce.

Conclusion

Salesforce stores persistent records that are later retrieved in a sObject variable. Salesforce’s standard and custom object records correspond to the sObject types in Apex. In this blog, we have taken a look at some of the most typical sObject type names used for standard objects in Apex.

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