Basic Types in Scala
Basically a Scala program describes the interaction between objects which interchange the messages. For example things like numbers, character and strings etc. are objects that can interact with other objects or similar types of objects.
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Objects with no internal structure that is with no components are said to be of a basic type.
Table: Basic types in Scala
| Data type | Range |
| Byte | integers in the range from −128 to 127 |
| Short | integers in the range from −32768 to 32767 |
| Int | integers in the range from −2147483648 to 2147483647 |
| Long | integers in the range from −9223372036854775808 to9223372036854775807 |
| Float | largest positive finite float : 3.4028235×1038 and smallest positive finite nonzero float : 1.40×10−45 |
| Double | largest positive finite double:1.7976931348623157×10308 and the smallest positive finite nonzero double : 4.9×10−324 |
| char | Unicode characters with code points in the range from U+0000to U+FFFF |
| String | a finite sequence of Chars |
| Boolean | either the literal true or the literal false |
| Unit | either the literal true or the literal false |
| Null | null or empty reference |
| Nothing | the subtype of every other type; includes no values |
| Any | Any the supertype of any type; any object is of type Any |
| AnyRef | The supertype of any reference type i.e. nonvalue Scala classes and user-defined classes |
When declaring a variable or a constant use keyword var or the keyword val then the name of a variable or a constant, an equals sign (i.e., the symbol =) and then the value the variable or the constant. Also you can wite:
scala> val i : Byte = 32 i: Byte = 32
If the value does not agree with the type then a type error is occurred.
scala> var x=30 x: Int = 30
An integer literal that is suffixed by an L or an l is assumed to be of type Long:
scala> var x=3l x: Long = 3
Numbers can be written as decimal, octal or hexadecimal numerals. Octal numbers can be written by adding prefix 0:
scala> 0755 res0: Int = 493
Hexadecimal numbers can be written by adding prefix 0x or 0X:
scala> 0x2009 res1: Int = 8201
A floating point number contains an integral part and an optional decimal point which is represented by a period character that may be followed by an optional fractional part, an optional exponent and an optional type suffix. The exponent is started with either the letter E or e.
The letters f and F represents a single precision floating point number whereas the letters d and D represents a double precision floating point number:
scala> 20.11 res4: Double = 20.11
scala> 15.2E10 res4: Double = 15.5E10
A character must be enclosed in single quotation marks:
scala> var a = ‘i’ a: Char = ‘i’
You cannot assign to a character variable a single quotation mark because it gives error. To solve this problem escape sequence is used which is started with /.
Table: Escape Sequence
| Escape sequence | Meaning |
| \b | Backspace |
| \t | Horizontal tab |
| \n | New line |
| \’ | Single quote |
| \” | Double Quote |
| \\ | Backslash |
| ooo | Octal digit |
| \uhhhh | h is hexadecimal digit |
| \f | Form feed |
| \r | Carriage return |
A String is a sequence of Chars that is enclosed in double quotes:
scala> "Scala" res6: java.lang.String = Scala
The literals true and false denote truth and untruth, respectively. These literals are the only values of type Boolean:
scala> val T = true T: Boolean = true
Unit Type contains only one value which is designated by two parentheses:
scala> var x = () x: Unit = ()
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