A website, in simple words, is nothing but a number of interrelated web pages combined together that are accessible through a home page with the help of internet browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, etc. The main purpose of this Web Development tutorial is not to make you a web development expert, but rather to help you become comfortable with the domain and its requirements so that you can hop on the path of becoming an expert in this field.
This Web Development Tutorial will help you gain knowledge of the following topics:
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What is Web Development?
Web Development allows you to develop websites that are hosted through the Intranet or the Internet via web browsers. This domain mainly revolves around the process of building apps and pages that run on these browsers. Some of these applications may depend on the server on which you have built them, while others may only utilize the server in the initial stage of their development for the storage and retrieval of data. The process of Web Development involves designing, content development, and scripting for the web, along with security configurations.
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Need for Web Development
Web pages cover the distance between those who possess the information and those who wish to gain knowledge, allowing one to reach out to the world at large. Here are a few reasons why websites are necessary:
- They allow you to advertise numerous offers provided by your organization.
- You can present your ideas through a website and grab the attention of readers from around the world.
- You can reach globally for potential users and customers.
- You can start your own business with the help of a website.
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Let’s now understand who Web Developers are and what these professionals do in this web programming tutorial.
Who is a Web Developer?
Web Developers are professionals who build websites that can be accessed and used through the World Wide Web (www). They use different programming languages, along with several protocols, to build these websites and connect with potential customers around the world.
These professionals, therefore, need technical and graphic skills to build websites of specific designs. They are required to develop websites with good UI, which is both functional and interactive, grabbing users’ attention. The websites should meet the users’ demands to keep them interested and persuade them to go for the products or services offered by these websites.
You have got a basic understanding of who Web Developers are. Now, in this web application development tutorial, let’s discuss the components Web Developers use for building a website.
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Web Development Roadmaps
Let us discuss the web development roadmaps for the front end and the back end in this web development tutorial.
Front-end Roadmap
The front end is the part of a website where users directly interact. It is the client-side of the application.
Step 1: Having an understanding of the basics
Web developers must be familiar with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. A responsive web design is implemented in all types of modern web development.
- HTML: HTML or HyperText Markup Language helps to design the front end of a web page by using the markup language. HTML makes the structure of a website; therefore, it is safe to say that it serves as a skeleton for a website.
- CSS: Cascading style sheets or CSS is a simple language that is used to style a website and streamline the process of creating presentable web pages.
- JavaScript: JavaScript is a scripting language that provides dynamic behavior to a website.
Step 2: Digging deeper
After getting comfortable with HTML and CSS, it is time to dig deep and learn how to use Maps, Fonts, and Icons in HTML. One should learn how the HTML DOM can be accessed on the JavaScript side. One should also know how to make server requests using AJAX and JSON.
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Step 3: Choosing frameworks
On the CSS side, a framework needs to be chosen for a responsive web design:
- Bootstrap
- Material Design
- W3.CSS
On the JavaScript side, it is essential to at least know one modern framework:
- ReactJS
- AngularJS
- Vue.js
- W3.JS
jQuery is the most used JavaScript library.
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Back-end Roadmap
The server side of a website that users cannot see and interact with is referred to as the back end. This portion of software does not come in direct contact with users and is primarily used to store and arrange data.
The back-end roadmap looks something like the flowchart below:
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Components of a Website
Any website you create will comprise three main components, HTML, JavaScript, and CSS, for frontend and backend development of the website. Below is a short explanation so that you can get the basic knowledge about the three components:
- HTML: HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. It is the base of every website that you create as it gives a structure to the various parts of the website. When you visit a webpage in the browser, the page that loads is of the HTML file type.
- JavaScript: JavaScript helps create such elements on the website that make it interactive for users. JS allows developers to make the website dynamic and flexible as per the needs of the users.
- CSS: CSS or Cascading Style Sheets is used to style the HTML elements. It offers numerous designs and functions that prove to be beneficial while styling the HTML elements to make the website more user-friendly.
So far, you got a basic idea of the various components of a website. To become a professional in this domain, you need to have backend and frontend skills. Now, in this Web Development tutorial, we will come across the skills involved in learning Web Development.
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Back-end Web Development
The aim of this backend Web Development is to help you understand the dynamic connection that is formed between the frontend of a website and the database or the backend. To be an expert in this, you should have skills in at least some Web Development Languages such as PHP, Java, or Python, along with knowledge of NodeJS or other server-side frameworks.
- PHP: It is a free open-source scripting language that allows developers to build the backend of any new application. It is an extremely powerful tool that allows one to build interactive and dynamic websites.
- Java: This is a high-level, open-source programming language that follows the approach of ‘write once, run anywhere (WORA). This approach makes Java programs compatible to run on any given platform, allowing them to be easily portable.
- Python: Python is an object-oriented, open-source language used by most web and software developers around the world. It is an easy language to learn and implement while building a website, which makes it the most preferred language as well.
- Django: It’s an open-source back-end framework that is used to develop sophisticated, feature-rich, and data-driven websites. Django facilitates fast development, user authentication, sitemaps, cross-site scripting, SQL injection, and high scalability. It’s a versatile framework with an array of applications such as computing platforms, social networking apps, and content management systems.
- Laravel: Laravel is also an open-source PHP-based web application framework that follows the model-view-controller(MVC architecture). It supports cache backends which are mainly used to configure multiple cache configurations. It also has a pre-configured error and exception handling and supports multiple logging handlers.
- Ruby on Rails: Ruby on Rails is an MIT-licensed Ruby-based framework that uses various web services, web pages, and database structures. It’s an open-source web application framework that separates the codes by their functions like the resource layer, data layer, and presentation layer.
- Express JS: Based on Node.js, Express is a web applications framework used to build various APIs and web applications as a Mean-stack back-end component and allows the Node.js to use the JavaScript runtime environment.
- CakePHP: CakePHP is another PHP-based open-source framework that utilizes popular engineering and design concepts like MVC, data mapping, configuration approach, etc. It helps the developer to rescue the development time by offering direct access to the App directories and a flexible templating system.
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Back-end Skills
The back end creates a dynamic connection between the front end and the database. To get the back end to work properly, it is essential to be familiar with at least one of the programming languages, such as Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, etc. It is also mandatory to be familiar with server-side frameworks such as NodeJS.
Let us take a look at some of the important back-end skills in this Web Development Tutorial:
- Java: Java follows the write-once-run-anywhere (WORA) approach, which makes it compatible with any platform.
- Python: Python is one of the most preferred languages by developers. It has a comprehensive standard library.
- NodeJS: NodeJS is a JavaScript framework that is used specifically to build the back end or server-side of an application. JavaScript can run on the server-side of the web through NodeJS.
- PHP: PHP is a server-side scripting language that is used to build the back-end logic of an application. It helps to make websites dynamic and interactive.
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Front-end Web Development
This frontend Web Development is a subsection of the website development tutorial blog, wherein you will come across some of the most frequently used frameworks for the development of a website. JavaScript frameworks and CSS help in performing various functions on a website. Rather than starting a program from scratch, these frameworks help developers build code with pre-existing JavaScript codes in it.
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Although there are numerous benefits of using a framework to build a website, it has its own set of disadvantages as well. This is why you need to choose the correct framework based on your requirements and demands. The JavaScript framework works well with complex UIs. However, for displaying your website content, you need to use other frameworks. Some of the frontend frameworks that you can utilize in the development of a website are as follows:
- Angular: Developed and launched by Google in 2016, Angular provides real-time synchronization between the view and model, so any changes done will be instantly reflected in the view. It’s the front-end development framework based on TypeScript and used by companies like Xbox, Blender, BMW, and Forbes to develop web applications.
- Vue: Vue is a simple front-end framework that reduces the complexities faced by Angular developers. It’s a versatile framework, which means you can adopt Vue on existing projects without affecting them. Vue has extensive and detailed documentation that helps you to understand the Vue ecosystem and develop compelling applications.
- React: React is actually a front-end library, but many developers consider it to be a framework, that’s why React is compared in that context. It has a component-based architecture, which means the user can create independent microsystems and also encapsulate individual pieces of larger components.
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- jQuery: jQuery is also a JavaScript library that comes with many features like HTML event methods, DOM manipulation, CSS manipulation, effects, animations, and Utilities. It is used for HTML documentation, animation, and event handling.
- Ember: Ember is a JavaScript framework that has an ever-expanding community and possesses two-way binding. It’s a well-organized language with proper documentation but has a complex structure and steep learning curve due to its conventional structure.
- Backbone: Backbone is mainly used to develop single-page applications and can be used with the tools like handlebars, Chaplin, Thorax, and Marionette. Its framework is based on the MVC architecture which provides a seamless connection synchronization between the front-end and back-end. However, it doesn’t provide ready-made structures to create the applications.
This is all about the frontend Web Development frameworks. Using them, you can develop several tools, build websites with responsive designs, create version control, and more
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Front-end Skills
- Responsive Design: Since different devices, such as computers, phones, and tablets, are used to visit web pages, the pages adjust to the device on their own. This is what responsive design is. Therefore, it is essential for a web developer to understand the responsive design principles and their implementation on the coding side. Responsive design is an intrinsic part of CSS frameworks. So, learning one skill also helps progress in others at the same time.
- Build Tools: Modern web browsers include developer tools that can be used for testing and debugging. These tools allow web pages to be tested in the browser itself and find out how the page is interpreting the code. Browser developer tools typically have an inspector and a JavaScript console. The inspector allows one to see what the runtime HTML on a page looks like and what CSS is associated with each element on the page. The JavaScript console allows one to check for errors that occur as the browser tries to execute the JavaScript code.
- Version Control or Git: The version control process helps track and control the changes to the source code so that if anything goes wrong, one does not have to start all over again. It tracks the changes made previously, making it easy to go back to a previous version of something and figure out what went wrong without the need to tear down the entire thing.
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Conclusion
In this Web Development Tutorial, we have briefly learned about what web development is and who web developers are. We have also discussed a number of web developer skills that you need to acquire to become a professional in this field. With our web development training, you will be able to easily master these skills. You will also receive an industry-recognized course completion certification from us.