GIT Cheat Sheet

GIT User Handbook

This GIT cheat sheet is designed for the one who has interested and learning about the file management and using GIT as a tool, then this sheet will be a handy reference sheet. Don’t worry if you are a beginner and have no idea about how GIT works, this GIT cheat sheet will give you a quick reference of the basics that you must know to get started.

What is GIT?

GIT is a tool in DevOps which is used as version-control system for tracking changes in system files and coordinating work on those files among a group of people. In the software development field, GIT is used in source-code management and track the changes in any files.

GIT is a distributed version control and source code management system with an emphasis on speed.
It is repository which is used to manage projects, set of files as they change over the time.
Using GIT every code change or commit you get latest development code for the project.

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Process flow:

It shows the process flow with components used to perform certain tasks

Plan: It can be created or deleted by itself based on the updates in the source repository
Code: The statements written to perform a task in a repository
Shared repository: Repository which is shared among several members in order to perform the task
Continuous integration: It helps in updating the repository with the change made in the code and provides integration with the changes made time to time
Build: It is used to manually build products and dependencies to GIT
Configuration Management: It is a process of tracking and controlling changes in a system
Deploy: Pushing the code to the remote server

Version control:

It is the management of changes to the code, documents, programs, large sites and other info.
The changes are termed as versions.
Version control system is used (VCS)
- The functions are:
  - Allows developers to work simultaneously.
  - Does not allow overwriting each other’s changes.
  - Maintains a history of every version.

- There are 2 types of VCS – centralized and distributed.
- GIT falls under distributed

Life Cycle:

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GIT and GITHUB:

It is a VCS that supports distributed nonlinear workflows by providing data assurance for developing quality software.
Features:

- - Distributed – distributed development of code
  - compatible – with existing systems and protocols
  - Non- linear- nonlinear development of code
  - Branching – easy to create and merge branches
  - Lightweight – lossless compression
  - Speed- faster than remote repository
  - Open source
  - Reliable – not viable to loss of data upon crashes
  - Secure – SHA1 and checksum are used
  - Economical – free

GIT operations and commands:

GIT Configurations

- - Initial config of username, email and code highlighting (optional) is to be performed.
    - $GIT config — global user.name”firstname lastname”
    - $GIT config — global user.email” abc123@abc.com”
    - $GIT config — global color.ui true (enables code highlights)
    - $GIT config –list
Initialize

- - You have to initialize by using ‘init’
  - To know the status run the ‘status’ command
    - $GIT init
    - $GIT status
Create/Add files:
- - - To add a file:
      - $GIT add<filename>
    - To add multiple files
      - $GIT add<filename> <2nd filename> <3rd filename>
    - To add all updated files
      - $GIT add –all ( use -A instead of -all too )
    - To remove files
      - $GIT rm -r <filename>
Commit changes:
- - - To pass a message, use ‘commit’ and ‘-m’
      - $GIT commit -m “body_of_message”
    - Amend lets you amend the last commit or the last message
      - $GIT commit –amend -m “new_message”
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Push and Pull

- - A remote repository typically represents a remote server or a GIT server.
  - - - Create a remote repository via GIThub “https://GIThub.com/YourUsername/appname.GIT”
  - To add a link
  - - - $GIT remote add origin<link>
  - Pushing files
  - - - $GIT push -u origin master
  - To clone file
  - - - $GIT clone <clone>

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Branching and merging:

*COMMAND*	*Description*
GIT branch	List branches
GIT branch -a	List all branches
GIT branch [branch name]	Create a new branch
GIT branch -d [branch name]	Delete branch
GIT push origin –delete [branchName]	Delete a remote branch
GIT checkout -b [branch name]	Create a new branch and switch to it
GIT checkout -b [branch name] origin/[branch name]	Clone a remote branch and switch to it
GIT checkout [branch name]	Switch to a branch
GIT checkout –	Switch to the branch last checked out
GIT checkout — [file-name.txt]	Discard changes to a file
GIT merge [branch name]	Merge a branch into the active branch
GIT stash	Stash changes in a dirty working directory
GIT stash clear	Remove all stashed entries

Sharing and updating projects:

Commands	Description
GIT push origin [branch name]	Push a branch to your remote repository
GIT push -u origin [branch name]	Push changes to remote repository( -u remembers the branch for next use)
GIT push origin –delete [branch name]	Delete a remote branch
GIT pull	Update local repository to the newest commit
GIT pull origin [branch name]	Pull changes from remote repository
GIT remote add origin ssh://GIT@GIThub.com/[username]/[repository-name].GIT	Add a remote repository
GIT remote set-url origin ssh://GIT@GIThub.com/[username]/[repository-name].GIT	Set a repository’s origin branch to SSH