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Kubernetes User Handbook

This Kubernetes cheat sheet is prepared by our experts keeping in mind those learners who have started learning Kubernetes as a tool. This cheat sheet will be a handy reference for them when they start implementing what they have learned in real-life problems. In this Kubernetes cheat sheet, you get a quick reference to all the basics that you must know about Kubernetes.

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You can also download the printable PDF of this Kubernetes cheat sheet

Kubernetes Cheat Sheet

What is Kubernetes?

Kubernetes is an open-source platform used to automate deployment and to scale containers across clusters of hosts providing container-centric infrastructure.

  • It is a container orchestrator.
  • It can run a Linux container.
    • Launches a container
    • Maintains and monitors the container site
    • Performs container-oriented networking

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Architecture/Interaction

The below image illustrates the architecture of Kubernetes. Let’s have a look at it.

Architecture

Key Concepts

Now, let’s discuss the key points of this architecture.

  • Pod: Group of containers
  • Label: Used to identify pods
  • Kubelet: Container agents, responsible for maintaining the set of pods
  • Proxy: The load balancer for pods, helping in distributing tasks across them
  • Etcd: A metadata service
  • CAdvisor: Used for monitoring resource usage and performance
  • Replication controller: Manages pod replication
  • Scheduler: Used for pod scheduling in worker nodes
  • API server: Kubernetes API server

Now, let’s understand the roles master and worker nodes play in the Kubernetes architecture.

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Master Node

  • It is responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster we are working on.
  • The term ‘master‘ indicates a set of processes that are used to manage a cluster.
  • It contains Kubelet service info, API, scheduler, replication controller, and Kubernetes master.

Master

Worker Nodes/Minions

Also called a ‘minion,’ a worker node contains the services necessary to run the pods that are managed by the master.

  • Services it provides are Container Runtime, Kubelet, Kube-proxy, etc.
  • It contains Kubelet, cAdvisor, Services, Pods, and Containers.

Worker node
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Moving forward, let’s check out the important commands used in Kubernetes.

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Kubectl Commands

For Pods and Container Introspection

Command Function
Kubectl get pods Lists all current pods
Kubectl describe pod<name> Describes pod names
Kubectl get rc Lists all replication controllers
Kubectl get rc –namespace=”namespace” Lists replication controllers in a namespace
Kubectl describe rc <name> Shows the replication controller name
Kubectl get cvc Lists services
Kubectl describe svc<name> Shows a service name
Kubectl delete pod<name> Deletes a pod
Kubectl get nodes -w Watches nodes continuously

For Debugging

Function Command
To execute the command on service by selecting a container Kubectl exec<service><commands>[-c< $container>]
To get logs from the service for a container Kubectl logs -f<name>>[-c< $container>]
To watch kubelet logs Watch -n 2 cat/var/log/kublet.log
To show metrics for a node Kubectl top node
To show metrics for a pod Kubectl top pod

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For Cluster Introspection

Function Command
To get version-related information Kubectl version
To get cluster-related information Kubectl cluster-info
To get configuration details Kubectl config g view
To get information about a node Kubectl describe node<node>

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Objects

Some of the common objects used in Kubernetes are mentioned in the below table:

All clusterrolebindings clusterroles
cm= conf gmaps controllerrevisions crd=custom resource definition
Cronjobs cs=component statuses csr= certificate signing requests
Deploy=deployments ds= daemon sets ep=end points
ev= events hpa= horizontal pod autoscaling ing= ingress
jobs limits=limit ranges Netpol- network policies
No = nodes ns= namespaces pdb= pod distribution budgets
po= pods Pod preset Pod templates
Psp= pod security policies Pv= persistent volumes pvc= persistent volume claims
quota= resource quotas rc= replication controllers Role bindings
roles rs= replica sets sa= service accounts
sc= storage classes secrets sts= stateful sets

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Other Quick Commands

Additionally, we do have some quick commands that are often very useful:

Function Command
To launch a pod with a name and an image Kubectl run<name> — image=<image-name>
To create a service described in <manifest.yaml> Kubectl create -f <manifest.yaml>
To scale the replication counter to count the number of instances Kubectl scale –replicas=<count>rc<name>
To map the external port to the internal replication port Expose rc<name> –port=<external>–target-port=<internal>
To stop all pods in <n> Kubectl drain<n>– delete-local-data–force–ignore-daemonset
To create a namespace Kubectl create namespace <namespace>
To allow the master node to run pods Kubectltaintnodes –all-node-role.kuernetes.io/master-

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Features of Kubernetes

  • Automated scheduling: It provides an advanced scheduler that helps launch containers on cluster nodes.
  • Self-healing: Rescheduling, replacing, and restarting dead containers are possible.
  • Automated rollouts and rollbacks: It supports rollback for systems in the case of failures and enables rollout and rollback for the desired state.
  • Horizontal scaling: It can be scaled up and down as required and can be automated with respect to CPU usage.
  • Service discovery and load balancing: It uses a unique IP and DNS name for containers that help in identifying them.

Download a Printable PDF of the Cheat Sheet

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