Python Operators - Master the Basics

Operators in Python

In Python, we have a set of special symbols that perform various kinds of operations such as logical operations, mathematical operations, and more. These symbols are called Python operators. For every symbol or operator, there is a unique kind of operation. The values on which the operators perform their respective operations are known as operands. In this module, we will learn all about operators that we need to know in order to get started with them.

Watch this video on ‘Python Operators’:

Following is the list of topics that we will cover in this module.

• Types of Operators in Python
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators in Python
• Assignment Operators in Python
• Logical Operators in Python
• Membership Operators in Python
• Bitwise Operator in Python
• Identity Operators in Python
• Ternary Operators in Python
• Python Operator Precedence
• Operator Overloading in Python

So, without any further delay, let’s get started.

Depending on the type of operations that the operators perform, they are categorized into the following categories:

• Arithmetic Operators in Python
• Relational Operators in Python
• Assignment Operators in Python
• Logical Operators in Python
• Membership Operators in Python
• Identity Operators in Python
• Bitwise Operators in Python

Now that we know what the different kinds of operators are in Python, let’s discuss each one of them individually, starting with arithmetic operators.

Arithmetic operators are used to performing various mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, etc. The following table contains all the arithmetic operations and their descriptions, along with examples.

They are also known as comparison operators because they compare the values on both sides of the operator and conclude on the relation between the values. After comparison, it returns the Boolean value, i.e., either true or false. The following table contains different types of comparison operators and their descriptions, along with respective examples.

Assignment Operators in Python

Assignment operators are used to assign values to Python Variables. The assignment is sometimes done directly, and sometimes the operator first performs some kind of mathematical operation and then assigns the value to the operand. The following table contains all types of assignment operators with their descriptions and respective examples.

Logical operators are mainly used for conditional statements. There are three types of logical operators, namely, AND, OR, and NOT. The following table contains all logical operators with their descriptions, as well as their respective examples.

Membership operators are used to test if a value is available in a sequence or not. It can be any sequence such as (Python String, Python List, Python Set, Python Tuple, and Python Dictionary). There are two types of membership operators, namely, in and not in. The following table contains the description and the respective examples of both membership operators.

It performs bit-by-bit operations.
For instance, suppose there are two variables,

I = 10 and J = 20

And their binary values are:

I = 10 = 0000 1010
J = 20 = 0001 0100

Now, let us see how the bitwise operator in Python works.

Identity operators are used to comparing the memory addresses of two different objects. The two types of identity operators in Python are is and is not. The following table contains the description of these two operators, along with their respective examples.

a, b = 10, 20
min = a if a < b else b
print(min)

The output will be 10

class Point:
    def __init__(self, x=0, y=0):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
    def __str__(self):
        return "({0},{1})".format(self.x, self.y)
    def __add__(self, other):
        x = self.x + other.x
        y = self.y + other.y
        return Point(x, y)
p1 = Point(1, 2)
p2 = Point(2, 3)
print(p1+p2)

The output will be (3,5)