What is Hyperledger Blockchain? - Working and Tools

Understanding Hyperledger Blockchain

Hyperledger is an open-standard, decentralized public ledger based on Blockchain technology to advance worldwide business. It is a cross-industry collaborative effort to create a Blockchain-based open standard for the distributed ledger for globally conducted business transactions.

The goals of Hyperledger are mentioned below:

• To make endeavor review bases to help business exchanges
• To give unbiased, open, and community-driven infrastructures
• To build technical communities
• To educate the public about Blockchain technology
• To advance the network of networks with numerous stages and systems.

Working of Hyperledger

Infrastructure

The specialized, legitimate, showcasing, hierarchical environment quickens open improvement and business selection. These include Cloud Foundry, Node.js, Hyperledger, and Open Container Initiative.

Frameworks

Built by a growing community of communities who build differentiated approaches to business Blockchain frameworks such as Hyperledger Indy, Iroha, Fabric, etc.

Tools

Ordinarily worked for one structure, and through normal permit and network of networks approach, ported to different systems. The apparatuses incorporate Hyperledger Composer, Cello, and Explorer.

Steps in the working process of Hyperledger:

1. Submitting a proposal by Application 1 to another peer Application 2
2. Execution of chaincode to simulate the proposal in the peer
3. Sending proposal response back to Application 1
4. Submitting transactions such as Read, Write, etc.
5. The ordering service creates a batch/block of transactions
6. Receiving the batch/block of transactions from the ordering service
7. Validating each transaction and committing batch/block

Hyperledger Consensus Algorithm

Since various enterprises and districts may run their own systems, diverse systems may need to send distinctive accord calculations to fit their utilization situations. Agreement calculations under the Hyperledger convention must be pluggable, enabling clients to choose their preferred consensus algorithm during deployment. The Hyperledger protocol will give an execution of Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) in its underlying discharge, utilizing the PBFT.

Consensus Process flow

The client endorsers are dedicated per chain code. Chaincode is a bit of code that gives you a chance to connect with a block shared ledger. The consensus service such as ordering for the endorsed transaction. The contract and system auditors perform auditing and consensus service at the system, user, and contract levels.

Components of Hyperledger:

• Peer: A peer manages the event hub and delivers events to subscribers to a node on the network. It maintains the state of the ledger and is used in managing chain codes.
• Ledger: It is a transaction log that contains the details of blocks.
• Channel: It is a data partitioning mechanism to control transaction visibility only to stakeholders.
• Membership Service Provider: It provides the identity provider abstraction, the governing of the applications, and the ordering and endorsing of identities

Setting up Channels, Policies, and Chaincodes

Depending on the business network, one or more channels may be required. To make a channel, send a design exchange to the requesting administration indicating individuals from the channel, ACL strategies, and anchor peers. The genesis block of the channel becomes a part of the configuration. It notifies the members to join the channel wherein multiple channels can be joined by a peer. Deploy chain codes on the channel with an appropriate endorsement policy. Now, the network is ready for transacting.

Consensus Redefined

Consensus = Transaction Endorsement + Ordering + Validation

• Endorsement: It is a decision to accept or reject a transaction.
• Ordering: It sorts all transactions within a period into a block to be committed in that order.
• Validation: According to multi-version concurrency control (MVCC), it verifies if the transaction endorsement satisfies the policy and transaction transformation is valid.

Transaction Endorsement

The transaction endorsement is a testimony of the outcome in a signed response manner. As part of the endorsement policy, it includes all the needs of the transaction which are acceptable to all the stakeholders and could be implicit or explicit.

There are two-member and n-member networks, with a seven-step transaction process:

• Step 1: Propose the transaction
• Step 2: Execute the proposal
• Step 3: Receive the proposal response
• Step 4: Order the transaction
• Step 5: Deliver the transaction
• Step 6: Validate the transaction
• Step 7: Notify transactions

Hyperledger Frameworks

Hyperledger Indy

Hyperledger Indy is a project dedicated to Blockchain under the Linux Foundation umbrella. It is a distributed ledger used for digital identities. Developers can use the tools and libraries from Hyperledger Indy to create identity solutions that are interoperable across many agencies. Companies like Fintech and Healthcare use Hyperledger Indy, in which the interoperability allows the developers to create industrial solutions. For the development of decentralized identity solutions, Hyperledger Indy has open-source specifications, terminology, and design patterns.

Indy offers some unique features, including the below-mentioned ones:

• No one except you can modify your identity.
• It will secure all your documentation in a decentralized system.
• With zero-knowledge proof, you can access only those documents that you need. So, it helps you have more security.
• You can prove your identity with a single ID, either the date of birth or the registration number so that your privacy will be protected.
• It has complete identity correlation resistance as it does not collide one ID to another so that no merge happens.
• It is an end-to-end connection platform to avoid middlemen.
• Decentralized identifier documents (DIDs) will provide you with a unique identifier for every decentralized identity, which helps reduce identity theft issues.

Hyperledger Iroha

The name ‘Iroha’ is ‘the most basic element of all,’ and it highlights a basic development; modern, area-driven C++ outline, accentuation on mobile application improvement, and another, chain-based Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, called Sumeragi.

Iroha can be considered as a distributed ledger project that is basically used for the simple process of unifying the infrastructure projects that are needed for a distributed ledger technology.

Iroha’s most important features are as follows:

• Creation and administration of custom complex resources, e.g., monetary standards or resolute rights, serial numbers, licenses, and so on.
• Managing user profiles
• Scientific classification of records in the view of areas—or sub-records in the framework
• Providing the system of rights and verification of user permissions for the execution of transactions and queries in the system
• Validation of business rules for transactions and queries in the systemNew, chain-based Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus algorithm, called Sumeragi

Hyperledger Fabric

Hyperledger Fabric is designed by IBM. It is a private Blockchain and the most successful and popular project of Hyperledger. Similar to other Blockchain technology, Fabric has a ledger, smart contracts, and a system, by which participants can manage their transactions.

The most important features of Fabric are as follows:

• It is a less computational process because the design of Hyperledger Fabric’s basic concept is that it executes multiple applications simultaneously. This process of executing multiple applications simultaneously results in enhancing scalability.
• It enables users to create applications in their desired programming language such as Google Go, Node.js, etc.
• This framework helps simplify consensus mechanisms by implementing a better protocol for the segregation of duties.
• In Hyperledger Fabric, there is no cryptocurrency; instead, Fabric Composer allows the interaction of clients.

Tools in Hyperledger